On 23rd of April 2015, Mihai Șucan passed away due to metastatic
cancer caused by RDEB.
5 November 2008, 20:38
One of the most common issues on Linux is font rendering. Usually
the Arial font renders really badly, especially if you use Gnome and you try KDE/Qt
applications (for example Opera).
Gnome and KDE use fontconfig to render fonts, but both use
different settings. As such, if you pick your Gnome-based distro, you usually have
problems with KDE/Qt, and vice-versa.
The Appearance properties (gnome-appearance-properties) allows you
to nicely change the font rendering options. You can also manually
adjust these settings using the gconf-edit tool, just go to the
/desktop/gnome/font_rendering preference keys.
KDE has it's own appearance properties, but usually Gnome users
don't know which one it is, and they don't want to install the
entire KDE package.
To adjust the font rendering options for KDE/Qt applications,
here's what you need to know. You can create a per-user
~/.fonts.conf file, or you can set system-wide settings by editing
/etc/fonts/fonts.conf (and/or /etc/fonts/conf.d).
Download my .fonts.conf
file. Just save this in your home folder and restart your
KDE/Qt applications. I use the same settings in Gnome.
I do not recommend you to edit the /etc/fonts/fonts.conf file.
However, you can still adjust global settings by changing the
symbolic links in /etc/fonts/conf.d. I did that myself.
Please read man fonts.conf for more details.
Note: you might not like my font rendering configuration, because
it also depends on your monitor and screen resolution. Please
adjust the settings as needed.
Published in:
configuration,
fonts,
gnome,
kde,
linux,
qt.
5 November 2008, 19:44
Sunday I upgraded my Ubuntu
installation to the new version: Ubuntu 8.10. Almost three years
ago I switched to using Linux exclusively. I haven't reinstalled
Ubuntu since then. I always upgrade my system every 6 months, and
then I spend a few days fixing post-upgrade issues. It's a
pleasure. ;)
I am working on a new painting Web application. The greatest
surprise to me was that the new Konqueror 4 implements
<canvas>, and it does this theoretically better
than Opera. I will make my Web
application public and you will see this. Amazing and very quick
work done by the Konqueror developers. Congratulations, guys!
Note: I initially thought that the Konqueror
implementation of Canvas is just a copy of the code from Webkit, but it's not. They wrote their own
code, which is great.
On a related note, I have published a new page with some of
my Linux
configuration files.
Published in:
canvas,
configuration,
html5,
kde,
konqueror,
linux,
ubuntu.
16 June 2006, 12:19
Hello!
How many like the terminal/console in Linux?
I myself like it, even if I do not use it too much. I use much of
the X-based "bling bling": Gnome, Opera, Gaim, Xchat, Quanta, XMMS,
etc. However, I particularly enjoy the power the console gives you:
the one who says you're somehow limited in the terminal is very
wrong. That's because you do almost everything you
want: you can play music, you can play browse the web, use any
Internet protocol (ftp, bittorent, pop3/imap/smtp mail, etc), you
can do programming (of course), etc.
Simply forget about the MS-DOS console you know. That's limited
(flame bait). Linux console, even if it looks the same, it's not
the same. :)
One thing missing in the GUI approach (KDE, Gnome, Windows, Mac OS
X, etc) is consistency. The terminal is always consistent, it's the
same on Linux, on Windows and Macs. The commands differ between
operating systems, but the basics are the same.
I did four things to customize my terminals on Ubuntu Linux:
1. Console font. I picked a font which includes
the most-used non-english characters in the documents I usually
view (romanian and french).
To do this after you booted use:
consolechars -f /usr/share/consolefonts/font-file-name
This is handy for testing because the changes will be lost after
you restart, plus the changes are applied only to the current
terminal.
You shall pick the font-file-name you want. Just
take a look at the console fonts you have installed. The ones I
have are named based on the character set they can display: iso01,
iso02, latin1, koi, etc. I use iso-8859-2 (for Central European).
To make the change permanent just edit
/etc/console-tools/config. Change
SCREEN_FONT value to the font file name you found
to like.
2. Keyboard layout. I changed the keyboard layout
to a custom keyboard layout I made, based upon the romanian
programmers keyboard layout provided by default in Ubuntu, plus the
American international keyboard layout with dead keys. Last, but
not least, I also looked into the French keyboard layouts :). My
purpose was to have a normal english keyboard layout, but greatly
enhanced for Level 3 (activated with the Right Alt key).
To make your own custom keyboard just go to
/etc/X11/xkb/symbols and pick the keyboard
language you want to start from. Edit it, look into other files to
learn what needs to be changed, have fun. :)
Things to know about those files: they contain the symbols
associated to each key on the layout. Therefore, they are not
exactly keyboard layouts. The files are named based on the country
code, and they contain all the keyboard variants belonging to the
country. You should be able to add your own, but you need to learn
how to do that (you need to edit other files aswell). My file does
not add a new variant for two simple reasons: lack of knowledge
(caused by lack of spare time to learn how), lack of motivation
(caused by the fact I don't want to backup another file). I just
modified the basic variant.
XKB is very advanced and complex: you can change the geometry, the
rules, the symbols, everything. You can make a single key do
wonderful things. Yet, don't ask me how LOL (I am still learning
myself). All I know is enough to make my own nice keyboard layout
:).
To learn more:
It is important to note all changes also apply to the X server. You
can use the keyboard layout in Gnome, KDE and what else you wish.
To change the keyboard layout in the terminal just run
kbd-config or
sudo dpkg-reconfigure console-data
In Gnome you must know how to do it, same goes for KDE.
Download my keyboard configuration: xkbd-ro.
If you are a romanian, you'll most likely want this layout :). Save
the file as /etc/X11/xkb/symbols/ro (overwrite!).
For maximum fun I edited my xorg.conf to use the
custom keyboard layout.
Section "InputDevice"
Identifier "Generic Keyboard"
Driver "kbd"
Option "CoreKeyboard"
Option "XkbRules" "xorg"
Option "XkbModel" "pc104"
Option "XkbLayout" "ro"
Option "XkbVariant" "basic"
EndSection
For an unknown reason, the keyboard layout does not work exactly in
the same way as in X. In the console, the keyboard map is a bit
"screwed" and dead keys are out of the discussion, since they are
not supported by the font. I'll probably have to make a new variant
specialized for the console. Based on what I learned, the
difference might be caused by the fact I do not have the same
XkbdRules as xorg. I'll see. :)
Suggestion by csant: To
edit the keyboard layout, you can also use a GUI-based tool:
sudo apt-get install xkeycaps
3. Sticky keys. I use sticky keys in X, so I
wanted to use them in the terminal aswell. The above two guides
also provide tips in regards to how to enable sticky keys. Based on
other tutorials, there are several ways one can achieve this goal.
I picked the "loadkeys method".
The file is:
keymaps 0-6,8-9,12
keycode 29 = SCtrl
keycode 42 = SShift
keycode 56 = SAlt
keycode 54 = SShift
keycode 97 = SCtrl
Keymaps differ from a configuration to another. So, you need to
learn which ones are on your system:
dumpkeys | head -1
Save the above file, after you update it and execute:
sudo loadkeys your-file
Warning: Providing a wrong keymap can render your
keyboard unusable (I actually needed to do a forced reset :) ).
Warning 2: Your system might use different
keycodes for the same keys. If this is the case, use
showkey. Generally, if you have a PC which is
"mainstream" (like mine), this should be safe.
If you take a close look at the above, you'll notice the missing
second SAlt. That's because the second one (Right Alt = keycode
100) does provide access to level 3, used for inputting special
chars. Making it sticky, loses the "special" attribute. I don't
know currently how to make the it a sticky without losing the
capability of switching to level 3.
The behavior is: you press Shift then a = A. Pressing again a = a.
This means that pressing shift will not lock it.
For locking-type of sticky keys, read the above two guides.
To make the change permanent, just add the call to
loadkeys into your /etc/rc.local.
4. Higher resolution. To do this edit
/boot/grub/menu.lst by adding
vga=792 to the kernel you use. Something like
this:
title Ubuntu, kernel 2.6.15-25-386
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.15-25-386 root=/dev/hda3 ro quiet splash vga=792
initrd /initrd.img-2.6.15-25-386
savedefault
boot
Tips and tricks:
1. VNC for the console. If you like VNC, you can also share your
console :). Install the linuxvnc package (use
apt-get).
Yet, it's recommended that you use the screen
package, which is better. VNC is generally meant for graphical
stuff. :)
2. To capture the screen of your terminal, as a text file, use:
sudo setterm -dump
What I want to do next is enable beep for sticky keys, same as in
X. Also, I'd add the "locking-type" of sticky keys, exactly as in
X: press Shift twice to lock it.
Published in:
configuration,
console,
linux.